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There is no personalsacrilege in an act of unchastity committed by a person privately vowedto chastity (common opinon). knowledgehis neighbor as his better, if comparison is made between what theformer has from himself and what the latter has from God (Phil. Hence, if the harm is in fact serious,mortal sin is incurred by the detractor, unless he is excused from itby the imperfection of his deliberation or consent. The vows oblige _per se_ under grave sin, on account of theduty of religion (see 2209) and the intention of the rel

(f) By reason of its position before the Church, a vow is eitherprivate (i. On the contrary, in exceptional cases (e. Conjugal love admits norivals; the husband must prefer his wife to every other woman, and thewife likewise must think more of her husband than of any other man (see1179). (a) Thus, Baptism _in re_ is necessary for all infants (John, iii.